Sorsogon Multidisciplinary Research Journal
The Sorsogon Multidisciplinary Research Journal (SorMRJ) invites scholars and researchers to submit their completed researches for publication. It highly observed that researches submitted must be original and can contribute to building on academic knowledge. The SMRJ is a double-blind peer-reviewed article that publishes multidisciplinary researches within the fields of education, sciences, engineering, technology, social sciences, humanities, languages, arts, public administration and policy, business and management and others. Accepted papers will be published in the first volume of SorSU MRJ this year.
Reliability of Sennogait Technology in Running Gait Analysis of Recreational Runners
This study aims to test the reliability of SennoGait Technology in running gait analysis of recreational runners who are prone to running-related injuries (RRIs) due to repetitive stress and overload. This makes early detection of running gait abnormalities crucial, which is typically done through running gait analysis tools. The usual methods, including observational, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional, have limitations, and an emerging wearable gait analysis tool, SennoGait Technology, may offer a potential solution. Thirty recreational runners (18–45 years old, 160–170 cm in height, running weekly for at least 12 months and accumulating 15–20 km) participated. Each runner performed activities on a treadmill: a two-minute warm-up jog, three one-minute running trials at 2.27 m/s (with one-minute rest periods), and a two-minute cool-down walk. Data were recorded using the SennoGait application. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to assess intra-rater reliability. Results showed that six parameters showed good reliability in both feet, two temporal (foot flat, pushing) and four spatial (heel-strike, strike inversion angle, toe-off angle, strike pitch velocity). Two temporal parameters (loading, swing) showed moderate-to-good reliability, and one spatial parameter (maximum eversion velocity) had good-to-excellent reliability. Additionally, two spatial parameters (eversion extent, toe-out angle) exhibited excellent reliability in both feet. Overall, most parameters demonstrated good reliability, indicating that SennoGait Technology has good intra-rater reliability. These findings suggest that SennoGait Technology is a reliable tool for assessing the running gait patterns of recreational runners and can be an alternative tool for running gait analysis in both clinical and research settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sorsogon Multidisciplinary Research Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Management Analysis of Quezon Marketing Cooperative at Poblacion, Quezon, Palawan
Management Analysis is a step taken to help improve management organization efficiency and resolve operational challenges and issues. This study aimed to identify the challenges Quezon Marketing Cooperative (QMC) faced in its financial management. This paper employed a SWOT Analysis, a survey questionnaire, and focus group discussions among QMC members. The study's findings highlight three main issues affecting QMC's performance. First, a lack of clear policies and guidelines leads to poor record-keeping and the mismanagement of funds. Second, most coop members have low educational qualifications, which limits their functions. Third, low collections of capital build-up payments result in low sales and income, hindering members' participation. Three alternative courses of action (ACAs) were proposed: (1) Forging a Memorandum of Agreement to establish linkages with both government and private sectors to provide technical services and funding for co-op members and business activities; (2) Formulating a standard operating manual for the cooperative, which would give a step-by-step guide on the cooperative's operation procedures and policies; and (3) Hiring short-term technical experts to enhance QMC's operations management. The identified ACAs were evaluated based on a set of decision criteria derived from the objectives of the study: (i) timeliness; (ii) ease of implementation; (iii) resources required; and (iv) cost of implementation. It was recommended that ACA-1 be pursued: Forging a Memorandum of Agreement to establish linkages with both government and private agencies to provide technical services and funding to support the QMC’s activities. This alternative course of action complements QMC's operations, ensuring the continuous improvement of its financial performance.
Evaluation of Percentage-Based and RPE-Based Monitoring of Novice Powerlifters in Optimizing Powerlifting Performance
This research examined how effective Percentage-Based Training (PBT) is compared with Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE)-based training for improving beginner lifters' powerlifting performance. There were twenty participants who had never tried powerlifting before. They were divided into two groups and followed a six-week training program focused on the squat, bench press, and deadlift. One group used percentage-based training, with weights set to a percentage of their one-repetition maximum. The other group used the rate of perceived exertion, adjusting the weight based on how hard the exercise felt on a scale from 1 to 10. Before and after the training program, tests were done to measure changes in strength and GL Points, which show performance based on body weight. Both training methods improved strength across all three lifts. However, the amount of improvement was not the same for both groups. The RPE group showed greater improvement, especially in squat strength (p < 0.001) and GL Points (p = 0.021). This means their overall strength and performance improved more compared to before. The PBT group also improved, but the changes were not statistically significant. This suggests that using fixed weights may not be as effective for beginners, since their strength can change from day to day. Overall, RPE-based training may be more effective because it allows participants to adjust their workouts based on how they feel, leading to better strength gains. The findings support the use of RPE-based training for beginner powerlifters because it is flexible, responds well to fatigue, and could enhance training stimulus. The study suggests that further research is needed on longer training periods, different groups of people, and mixed approaches combining PBT and RPE methods to achieve the best results in developing strength.
Online Learning in Physiotherapy Education and Health Allied Profession during the Pandemic: A Scoping Review
During pandemic, the education sector remains one of the worst-hit by Coronavirus outbreak and universities across the world have transitioned to online delivery system that requires both teachers and learners to adapt with technological support. Hence, Scoping Review was utilized to explore the different practices around the globe in educating Physiotherapist students and other health allied professions through online learning. The researchers used the ScR by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) to map and summarize the different experiences of the students, teachers and courses delivery of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in a global con-text. With the utilization of ScR, it can be used as a policy map as bases for adopting hybrid flexible learning approach. A total of 2459 titles and full abstract level was screened, and 56 full articles were selected (19 cross sectional study,15 qualitative studies, 8 survey questionnaire studies, 5 mixed method studies, 4 systematic reviews, 1 case control, 1 cohort study, 1 quasi-experimental, 1 Scoping Review, and 1 Randomized Control Trial). 39 articles were from Asia, 8 from Europe, 5 from Africa, 3 from Australia and 1 from USA. The articles were categorized based on the new learning circumstances, experiences, perceived advantages, drawbacks in delivery of curriculum in the new normal academic landscape. COVID-19 pandemic created a significant impact in the delivery of curriculum. The different factors that are identified and mapped can be a benchmark in creating a hybrid flexible learning to the paradigm shift in education.
Copyright (c) 2023 Sorsogon Multidisciplinary Research Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
eSupport: An Extension Project of the College of Computer Studies of Mindoro State University during the Pandemic
The Mindoro State University Bongabong Campus extension unit is still operational amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper evaluates the implementation of the "eSupport: Continuation of Extension Services Amid Covid-19 Pandemic," an extension program by the College of Computer Studies faculty and students. This extension program included six topics delivered via a free webinar series and online training programs through Google Meet, Zoom, MS Teams, and Facebook Live and some conducted face-to-face. Participants or beneficiaries in the webinars, online and face to-face training, and extensionists' served as respondents of the study. The narrative research design was used, and the data were treated using the weighted mean. The instrument used in the study was a university evaluation questionnaire on extension services. The evaluation sheet was divided into strategy, speaker, and services. The study revealed that community beneficiaries gave positive assessments and feedback on the College of Computer Studies' extension project. Participants' and extensionists' or implementers' experiences and recommendations will be considered in future planning, implementation, and impact assessments.
A Balanced Scorecard Model for the College of Business of a Higher Education Institution (HEI)
This study develops a balanced scorecard (BSC) model for the College of Business of a higher education institution (HEI). The balanced scorecard is a management and evaluation system that symbolizes the equilibrium among students, employees, stakeholders, and the institution. The balance characterizes students’ satisfaction, process efficiency, and employees’ satisfaction. This study evaluates the assessment of the extent of alignment of the strategic plan of the host university and the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). It determines the alignment of the college strategic plan with the host university and CHED. It identifies the key performance indicators (KPIs) currently used by the college and the university. The research utilizes a pure qualitative approach and encompasses in-depth analysis and exploration. The primary data were sourced through focus group discussion, data collection method, and culmination. The gathered data and responses were examined through data analysis with the support of matrices: the assessment matrix examined and aligned data through analysis; the alignment matrix investigated and interpreted the responses of twelve FGD participants using thematic analysis; and the identification matrix identified the KPIs currently used by the college and university along customer, internal process, and learning and growth perspectives through culmination. The results of the study surfaced as substantial indicators toward the development of a BSC model. The BSC model stands as a strategic reference in the formulation of the college strategic and operational plans and other related development plans toward its goal of attaining customer satisfaction, competitive advantage, and brand recognition.
Development and Validation of Tam’s Intimate Partner Violence Scale for Measuring Abuse among Filipino Adults
The main aim of this two-phase study is to construct an intimate partner violence (IPV) scale that truly reflects the common situation Filipino couples are in. Therefore, all respondents were either in a relationship at the time of data gathering or had previously been in one. The majority of respondents in Phase 1 (79%) and Phase 2 (75%) were within the 18–21 age range. Definitions of IPV from the literature review, along with the Duluth model, provided bases for the initial 52 items. Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine the internal consistency of test items, and three experts validated them. During Phase 1, 100 respondents answered the 52-item scale. All items with an item-total correlation coefficient of 0.64 were retained (n = 20). In Phase 2, 102 respondents took the reduced scale of 20 items. The results showed that 5 out of 20 items had an item-total correlation coefficient below 0.50 and 4 items ranged between 0.51 and 0.55; however, the overall consistency was 0.85. Items with an item-total correlation coefficient lower than 0.51 were discarded, and the overall consistency improved to 0.87. Although the 4 items in the 0.51–0.55 range also had low item-total correlation coefficients, discarding them lowered the overall consistency of the scale. Thus, the three experts recommended that they be retained, inasmuch as the study was still in its exploratory stage. In the final scale of 15 items, seven belonged to the psychological violence category, four to controlling behavior, three to physical aggression, and one to sexual coercion. The inclusion of more items from the psychological violence category is consistent with related literature stating that psychological violence is the most common form of intimate partner violence. It is recommended that similar research in the future be conducted with gender- and age-diverse populations to better capture the dynamics of IPV in the Philippine context.
Enhancing Health and Wellness at Sea: Assessing the Need of Physical Therapy Services on Cruise Ship Staff to Improve Crew Well-Being
Cruise ship employees often work long, exhausting hours in physically demanding environments, yet they have limited access to proper healthcare. While the cruise industry prioritizes passenger comfort and safety, far less attention has been given to the health needs of the crew. This research explores whether onboard physical therapy (PT) services could address the growing problem of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among cruise ship workers. A quantitative survey was conducted among 208 employees using structured questionnaires to assess the frequency and severity of musculoskeletal pain, work-related health concerns, and the availability of medical support on board. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses. Results revealed a strikingly high incidence of MSDs. Lower back pain was the most common complaint (80.77%), followed closely by shoulder pain (77.88%). Many crew members (72.12%) reported working 10 or more hours each day, and 63.94% noted that their lower back pain worsened during work. Although more than two-thirds (66.7%) had been advised by physicians to undergo physical therapy, no onboard PT services were available to them. These findings highlight a clear and urgent need for accessible physical therapy on cruise ships. Long working hours, repetitive tasks, and poor ergonomics contribute significantly to MSDs, ultimately reducing worker productivity and increasing absenteeism. Implementing PT services could improve crew well-being, reduce injury rates, and support more efficient ship operations. Future studies should explore cost-effective strategies for integrating physical therapy into onboard health systems to better support the workforce that keeps the cruise industry running.
Progressive Circuit Training Program to Improve Aerobic Capacity, Abdominal Endurance, and Lower Body Strength of Low-Fit Students
The issue that adults and adolescents are not engaging in the prescribed amounts of physical activity is becoming a major global health concern. 26 low-fit students (31% male, 69% female) who had no medical issues and had not recently engaged in physical activity participated in this study intervention. Experimental study pre and post tests is conducted using the uncontrolled trial approach. Normality was confirmed through the Shapiro-Wilk test and descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation). Paired t-tests and Cohen's d was employed to reveal significant change and effect magnitude because the data was normally distributed. Following the exercise training, there was a noticeable increase in lower body strength, core strength, and cardiovascular fitness. Significant performance gains (19.62%, 93.73%, 55.77%, and 22.24%) and large effect sizes was also noted. In addition, up to 92% of the diversity in lower body strength and core strength can be explained through aerobic fitness. A balanced cardio and resistance circuit is a time-efficient methods in developing overall fitness and support lifelong health and physical activity, as revealed by the four-week progressive circuit training that successfully increased aerobic fitness, core strength, and lower body power.
Weaving Debates and Workplace Narratives
The study is the first of the two-part series that documents the success narratives of purposively selected post-college debaters from their workplaces and examines how their lived de bate experiences impacted their current careers. It utilizes Facebook in posting the question: How has debate impacted your work now? Common threads such as grit, persuasion, world class views, social engagement, love for reading, clear thinking and expression, multifaceted skills, better character, and spontaneity pervaded the stories shared by the debaters who currently work in diverse fields. The goals are to give a qualitative analysis to the extracted insights from each of the submitted stories and to come up with a collection of narratives instead of the usual how-to-debate reference. Then the compiled debaters’ narratives underwent online vetting and reviews for their planned utilization in trainings. The paper concluded with the narratives collection being forwarded to further analysis with leadership, strategy, and ethics as management frames for the second part of the study.
A Toastmaster’s Contention: From Strategies to Impact
Society reflects the organizations that it has. Hence for a community to improve, one must examine the organizations, people, and activities that envelop it. To compile diverse strate-gies showcased in a Toastmasters Club’s speeches during face-to-face and online platforms meetings and to share the learning therein with the community, the paper documents speech themes during the organization’s meetings. These themes such as the quest for structure, dealing with one’s stage fright, a positivist technique, the sandwich approach, and taking charge as a Table Topics master permeated the delivered speeches. Some of the strategies utilized during face-to-face or via online delivery by speakers were powerful storytelling, thinking beyond self to fight off stage fright, taking note that assessment speeches are still performances, keeping the respect for the craft of public speaking, and the knowledge that the element of surprise or twist seldom fails one as a speaker. They were discussed, interpreted, and analyzed in the qualitative paper through an immersive and critical thematic inquiry that utilized primary data strategies while seeking communication insights from purposively chosen informants. The presented thematic impressions, nuances, and observations may impact on and contribute to societal improvement thus this wholistic documentation, compilation-writing process forwarding the whole set of strategies for public learning. Deeper research on calibrating persuasion in public speaking and on the implicatures of surfaced strategies to social relationships may be further ventured out based on the insights and learning. Further studies on repositioning pedagogy on communication may also be explored using the pointers presented.
Towards the Making of Future Biologists in Sorsogon, the Philippines
The need to offer a program specializing in biology in Sorsogon is writ large. The task of offering a program locally is thus one of feasibility assessment. Assuming that the intended results were desirable, a question is raised as to whether the proposed program was viable to offer at Sorsogon State University (SorSU). This study fell into two foci, namely, a program demand assessment among target grade leavers across sites in Sorsogon and a SWOT analysis of the program. The findings indicated a strong desire for a BS Biology program with various degrees of choice propensity across sites. Medical biology was the most preferred specialization among the respondents, indicating that the healthcare industry is the most perceived attractive field. The desired base institution was characteristic of strong track records and a high reputation, including the capacity to aid the enrollees financially. While SorSU personnel identified several strengths and opportunities impacting the offering of the program, a list of weaknesses and threats has to be shouldered. The primary cost to be confronted by SorSU was the facility and infrastructure, as the program particularly demands specialized laboratory compliance. While the university sets the framework for implementation, identifying risks impacting the program is a task requiring devolvement in management. This study provides insights into methods of empirical feasibility assessment for a BS Biology program. The methods presented may be applied or used to set a point of comparison for existing or queued programs. With this study, offering a BS Biology program would antecedently allow examining the potential and costs of the program, all germane towards the making of future professional biologists in Sorsogon.
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Assessing the Implementation of Republic Act 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management in Sorsogon City
Enacted to protect the environment and public health, Republic Act 9003 (RA 9003) aims to ensure that solid waste is properly separated, collected, transported, stored, treated, and disposed of by developing and implementing the best environmental practices in Ecological Waste Management. This study assessed the implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003) in Sorsogon City. The respondents of the study were taken from 100 households and business establishments. Unstructured interviews, survey methods, and questionnaire checklists were employed. The common wastes found in households and business establishments as biodegradable were peelings, leftovers, fish/fowl, softshells, seeds, leaves, flowers, twigs, trimmings, and weeds. As to non-biodegradable, the common wastes found were the following: cans, dry papers, straw/jute/containers, and plastic bottles. Lack of material recovery facilities during program implementation, lack of coordination and cooperation between barangay officials and residents regarding waste management, and lack of knowledge about appropriate waste management were the issues. Disseminating information and implementing enforcement measures for waste segregation for both residential and commercial buildings should be done. Improvements should be made to the barangay's services and collection and disposal plans to better meet the needs of businesses and homes. Adopt and carry out the suggested action plan
Copyright (c) 2024 Sorsogon Multidisciplinary Research Journal
Profile, Employability Status, and Challenges in Job Hunting of Bachelor of Technology Graduates: A Tracer Study
The goal of every academic institution is to produce competent graduates who will meet the demands of both local and global industries. The result of the tracer study provides valuable information for evaluating the whereabouts and performance of the graduates. The study aimed to trace the graduates of Bachelor of Technology from the school years 2015-2020. Specifically, it identified the profile of the respondents, including the area of specialization, year graduated, sex, and civil status. The study also determined the status of their employability and recognized the challenges they encountered in finding a job. The main respondents were the 667 Bachelor of Technology graduates from nine majors covering the 2015-2020 school years. Results revealed that the majority of the technology graduates are male and single, regularly employed in private companies, and secured their first job in less than six months after graduation. The major challenges encountered by the graduates in finding a job include lack of self-confidence, financial pressure, seeking better job/career opportunities, and limited or no work experience. The relevance of the degree program to professional and career requirements was a key strength of the undergraduate curriculum of the Department. Conducting regular tracer studies leads to continuous updating, revising, and enhancing of the curriculum for better employability opportunities for graduates, particularly by the Technology Department. The school may organize Job Fairs and establish more partnerships and linkages to assist graduates, especially the unemployed and self-employed, in improving their career prospects. Likewise, the University may design a program to support students' employability skills.
Analysis of Licensure Examination Performance of Bachelor of Secondary Education in Mathematics: Basis for a Comprehensive Review Program
The Philippine Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) continually exert efforts to produce quality and competent graduates. While there are various parameters for evaluating program performance, the licensure examination is the sole recognized qualification standard in the country. In the case of teacher education programs, the licensure examination for teachers (LET) assesses the quality of education graduates acquire. As a result, HEIs consistently seek ways to enhance their graduates' LET performance. The Mindoro State University College of Teacher Education employs various strategies to improve institutional LET performance, including integrating a review class into the curriculum. However, interventions should also be extended to graduates and repeaters, as their performance contributes to institutional outcomes. Accordingly, the researchers conducted this study to analyze trends in LET performance among BSEd Mathematics graduates. The study aimed to evaluate LET performance status from March 2016 to September 2019, utilizing documentary analysis of LET and academic performance. Data collected were analyzed using mean, frequency percentage, and cross-product analysis. Results indicate that repeater performance significantly influences overall performance, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. Academic performance is closely related to LET performance, with the exception of non-passers' professional education subjects. The study's findings serve as a basis for designing a comprehensive review program and can be used ex-ante to assess program effectiveness.
Financial Reporting Practices of Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs) in the Municipality of Bulan
This research was conducted to determine the current financial reporting practices of the non-profit organizations in the Municipality of Bulan Sorsogon and its compliance to the generally accepted accounting principles. This study also identified the present gaps and issues encountered by accountants and bookkeepers and the ways on how they resolve these emergent issues in the preparation of financial reports for NPOs. Customized financial reporting manual which was prepared in accordance with the applicable generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) specifically suitable for not-for-profit organizations (NPOs) was the most tangible output of this research. This study used the Mixed Design which falls under a blind spot study. All the practicing accountants, bookkeepers and owners of the Not-for-Profit Organizations (NPOs) which include all duly registered or recognized hospitals, charitable institutions, religious organizations and all private educational institution operating in the municipality of Bulan, Sorsogon served as the primary respondents. The study revealed that there were financial reporting practices employed by bookkeepers and accountants in the preparation of financial statements but these were not consistently applied and most were not appropriate for not-for-profit organizations, the current financial reporting practices were fairly compliant to the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the accountants and bookkeepers tend to comply with CPD requirements, self-study, consult with peers and subject their organization to financial audit in order to solve the gaps and issues they encountered.
Accounting Practices, Financial Reporting, Not for Profit Organizations (NPOs).
Rediscovering History, Heritage and Identity in Sorsogon: Sorsoganons’ Testimonies and Stories
Republic Act 10066 is an act that provides the production and conservation of the National Heritage, as well as strengthens the Na- tional Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCAA), hence this study determines the understanding and rediscovery of Sorsoganons’ history, heritage, and identity, utilizes a qualitative method of research with adult constituents, professionals, and the young group as the participants in the FGD. Also, there were 50 selected high school and college students who represented their barangays, 50 professionals who represented their workplaces, and 24 adults comprising mid-lifer and senior citizens as respondents to the survey questionnaire. The salient findings revealed that Sorsoganons have different deep thoughts on rediscovering their history, heritage, and identity. As they rediscovered their history, identity, and they were also able to understand their own identity as they mentioned characteristics that are attributed to them.
Copyright (c) 2023 Sorsogon Multidisciplinary Research Journal
Exploring the Relationship Among Gender, Language Proficiency, and Language Learning Strategies (LLS) Among College ESL Students
Making the students conscious of their own learning strategies is tantamount to making them learn how to learn. Realistically, when students fail to recognize their own learning styles their academic performance is expected to be a failure. Wirth (2008) recognizes that learning how to learn is an important skill in today’s recent explosion of knowledge and technology. This paper investigated on the language learning strategies of the college students and explore the relationship among LLS, gender and language proficiency. The study used the descriptive design in identifying the language learning strategies of the participants. In identifying the strategies objectively, this paper used the Strategy Inventory Language Learning (SILL) of Oxford (1990) since it is designed for ESL and EFL learners. Likewise, this paper correlated the participants’ gender and the results of the English language proficiency test. From the result of the analysis of the language learning strategies of the college students, metacognitive strategies are frequently used in learning a second language of the students who are enrolled in education and information technology courses. Significantly, all groups of participants are usually employing social strategies in their language learning. Cognitive and metacognitive strategies among other categories of strategies surveyed are essential for successful language learning. Language learning strategies have significant negative correlation to gender, in favour of female students who utilized these strategies more frequently than male students. The findings of the study might have contributed to the quest for more effective language instruction that is centered on developing L2 learners to become self-directed learners. This can only be possible if language teachers would be able to raise consciousness of students on how they learn best. Understanding LLS of students is a challenge for language teachers to craft teaching strategies or styles that would be a learner-centered approach. By focusing on the learners and considering the different strategies they use while learning L2, ESL learners will become self-directed, and independent learners of English.
Language Strategies (LS), Language Learning Strategies (LLS), Second Language (L2), Foreign Language (FL), Direct Strategies, Indirect Strategies, English Proficiency, Socioeconomic Status, Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL, Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), English as a Second Language (ESL), English as a Foreign Language (EFL)
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Literary Merits Reflected in Sorsoganon Poetry:Basis for Lesson Exemplars Development in Teaching 21st Century Literature
Local literature can be a springboard to contextualized learning. This research identified the forms of poetry from Sorsogon, examined the literary merits reflected in the selected 21st century poetry from Sorsogon, and developed lesson exemplars that can be proposed for 21st century literature teaching using the selected poetry from the province. Document analysis, crowdsourcing, and snowball technique were used in identifying Sorsoganon poets and poetry which highlight the history of the province and the culture of its people. Based on the findings, Sorsogon has a rich collection of poetry in the 21st century especially lyric poems, songs, and spoken word poetry, among others. Sorsogon has talented songwriters who still write in their local language. Sorsoganon poets are fond of writing lyric poems which reveals that they are imaginative, romantic, and musical by nature. There are existing 21st century Sorsoganon writers with meritorious literary pieces that can be taught in teaching local literature. The poems have their respective literary merits and are remarkable in their totality. The selected poems embody the province's history, culture, and the characteristics of its people. Hence, teachers can use them to help promote the nation's cultural heritage, its property and history, and the ethnicity of local communities as stipulated in the Constitution. Also, the researcher developed lesson plans utilizing the selected local literature, to compensate for the dearth of instructional materials concerning localization and contextualization in teaching the subject 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World.
21st century literature, Sorsoganon poetry, lesson plans, localization, contex- tualization
Farming Profile and Damages Caused by Super Typhoon “Rolly” in Selected Coastal Areas in Sorsogon City, Philippines
The impact of a typhoon disaster depends on the intensity and strength of the typhoon which can be linked with the precautionary measures and knowledge of local residents. This descriptive-correlational research design gathered data on the farming profile and damages caused by super typhoon Rolly in the selected coastal areas in Sorsogon City, Philippines through surveys, field visits, and interviews. Out of the purposively chosen 1000 respondents, 834 of them reported damages in their housing. Most of the farmer respondents have more than 20 years of engagement in the mono cropping system, tilling below the one-hectare size of land near their residency as a tenant. Moreover, the majority of the farmers were newly engaged ( 5 years) in livestock production in their backyard. The multiple regression reveals that the barangay location ( =-9.866), water resources ( =5.197), households who experienced flooding ( =6.067), and household head age ( =0.135) were statistically significant predictors of typhoon damages. The farmers who used mono-cropping in any of the rice, corn, cassava, coconut, vegetables, among others have low income and reveal higher damages during typhoons. The Sorsoganons are generally resilient able to move forward despite all the challenges and difficulties brought by the typhoon. The provision of the relocation sites, advice, and monitoring of LGUs are important precautionary measures in reducing the impact of the typhoon along with coastal areas.
Disaster risk reduction management, coastal areas, Crop production, Farming profile, Sorsogon City, super typhoon damages, quantitative design, Philippines
Prevailing Gender Norms on the Prevalence of Teenage Pregnancy Cases
This research discovered the prevailing gender norms of teenage mothers and the impact of these norms on the high incidence of teenage pregnancy. This also looked into the development of guidance service intervention to address the teenage pregnancy phenomenon. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory and Bowen’s Family Systems Theory were used to explain how cultural influences affect the views of adolescent girls about gender and pregnancy in adolescence as a dysfunction. Making use of a questionnaire and an interview guide, the study presented rich descriptions of the gender norms. Based on the findings, the majority of the teenage girls belong to the 16-19 age brackets who are out-of-school, with mothers staying at home without any source of livelihood, which makes them part of families with a minimum level of income. The participants’ prevailing gender norms still adhere to the conservative view of being a woman where familial roles are focused on and gender power relations are deemed unequal. These experiences may have had a significant impact on why they became young mothers at an early age. Acceptance of these customary standards in their community is their unconscious way of coping, hence making them more susceptible to being victims of the teenage pregnancy phenomenon.
teenage pregnancy, gender norms, gender roles, power relations
Using Multiple Intelligences in the Development of Learning Episodes in Industrial Psychology
This descriptive study looks into the diversity of students of the Technology Department of Sorsogon State College by profiling their Multiple Intelligences (MI). It aims to design varied learning episodes to address the diverse needs, capabilities, and interests of the students based on the results of multiple intelligence test. The samples were 253 selected third year students from the Architectural Drafting, Automotive Technology, Civil Technology, Electrical Technology, Electronics Technology, Food Service Management, Garments Technology, Mechanical Technology, and Welding and Fabrication. To probe into the thoughts of the respondents, informal interviews were conducted to 27 students. The results of the MI test revealed that the learners have varied intelligences. In general, the study revealed that musical intelligence is the most dominant intelligence among the respondents, while linguistic intelligence is the least dominant. Based on the findings of the study, varied learning episodes in Industrial Psychology were designed to cover the seven multiple intelligences. Examples of these are role playing, musical video analysis, movie analysis, collage making, diagramming, and song performance.
Multiple Intelligence, Learning Episodes, Industrial Psychology, Diversity
Plastics are convenient alternatives but have catastrophic effects on the environment. Based on data from international bodies, the Philippines is one of the biggest contributors of plastic waste in the ocean which mostly comprises single-used plastic such as packaging and single-use plastic cutleries. Currently, there’s a growing trend in biodegradable and edible cutleries that help lessen demand for single-use cutleries. This study focuses on the development of a non-wheat edible spoon using locally produced or harvested natural food ingredients, raw cassava, and saba banana. Five mixture formulations in two different mixing methods and three different molding methods were conducted. Out of the total 30 trials conducted, two trials produced a product that possesses the quality of a functional and edible spoon. The product has the characteristics of a toasted bread or cookie or biscuit. Grated and kneaded 100% cassava mixture that was baked in a close molder have excels in the water absorption test with 38.89%, 10.53%, and 15.79% absorption rates at hot, cold, and ambient food serving temperature conditions for 30 minutes without losing its functionality as a spoon. The sensory evaluation further revealed that it was acceptable and can be eaten afterward, as both the two trials received a 9-point hedonic mean value > 7 in terms of appearance, smell, taste, texture, and hardness. Further analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of the mixture and product, shelf life and packaging, and development of a proper close molder are necessary for commercialization in the future.
non-wheat edible spoon, plastic waste, starch gelatinization