"Kalayaan sa Galaw": Assessing the Need and Impact of Physical Therapy Services on the Physical Well-being of People Deprived of Liberty in the Minimum-Security Facilities

Abstract

People deprived of liberty (PDLs) face significant health challenges due to restricted and resource-limited conditions in correctional facilities, including musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), chronic pain, and reduced mobility that affect daily functioning and overall well-being. Despite these needs, access to physical therapy (PT) services remains limited. This study assessed the need for and impact of PT services on the physical well-being of PDLs in a selected minimum-security facility using a convergent parallel mixed-method design. Quantitative data were collected from 60 PDLs, while qualitative interviews were conducted with facility staff, including healthcare providers, correctional officers, and the warden. Results showed that most PDLs had not received recent medical intervention, with many reporting chronic pain and mobility limitations; notably, 89.3% had not accessed PT services during their stay. Key barriers identified by staff included the absence of PT personnel, inadequate space and equipment, and institutional constraints such as court order requirements. These findings indicate a significant gap in rehabilitative healthcare. Participants recognized the potential benefits of PT, including pain reduction, improved physical function, and enhanced quality of life. The results support integrating PT services into correctional healthcare systems to promote equitable access and align with the principles of universal health coverage.